glossary of geology terms

Obsidian -- A back or dark-colored volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic composition, characterized by conchoidal fracture. The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. Bedrock - The solid layer of rock under the loose surface (soil, clay, gravel, sand) of the Earth. It is often sufficiently buoyant to float on water and is economically useful as a lightweight aggregate and as an abrasive. Polymorph -- A crystal form of a substance that displays polymorphism. The Glossary of Geology (AGI, 1997) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Datum -- A fixed or assumed point, line, or surface, in relation to which others are determined. An informal term applied by drillers to a sedimentary rock with certain drilling characteristics, e.g. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Available for both individual and institutional licensing, the online glossary is searchable using terms, words within terms or definitions, and categories. The Glossary below is the most recent version as of September 10, 2019. This is a must-have for all geoscientists, engineers working with earth-related issues, and students and other professionals. The sand particles usually consist of quartz, and the term "sandstone" when used without qualification, indicates a rock containing about 85-90% quartz. Weathering -- The destructive processes by which rocks are changed on exposure to atmospheric agents at or near the earth's surface, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. Cement -- Chemically precipitated mineral material that occurs in the spaces of a sedimentary rock, thus binding the grains into a rigid mass. PhysicalGeography.net | GLOSSARY OF TERMS HOME. The term is often applied generically to all acidic precipitation. Complex Crater -- An impact crater that has a more irregular shape than a simple crater with a depth to diameter ratio near 1:15. Bioherm -- A mound-like or circumscribed mass of rock built by sedentary organisms such as corals, stromatoporoids, or algae, and enclosed in rock of different lithological character. 2. Iron -- A heavy magnetic malleable and ductile chemically active mineral, the native metallic element Fe. Geology - the study of the earth. Dictionary of Geological Terms - Only $19.99 All scientific disciplines have an essential vocabulary that students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively. Historical Geology is the study of Earth history and the evolution of life on earth - especially the past life forms that are preserved as fossils. Polymictic -- Said of a clastic sedimentary rock composed of many rock types, e.g. AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. This list may not reflect recent changes. in clays) in distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in large crystalline masses that easily cleave into broad folia. Igneous rocks constitute one of the three main classes into which rocks are divided, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary. From The Gemology Project. Biology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions. 2) An earthy, extremely fine-grained sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles, having high plasticity and a considerable content of clay minerals. As collections management throughout the USGS expands, this list of terms will grow and definitions may change. Shale-- A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock, formed by the compaction of clay, silt, or mud. Stress -- In a solid, the force per unit area, acting on any surface within it, and variously expressed as pounds or tons per square inch, or dynes or kilograms per square centimeter. Compre o livro Glossary of Geological and other Scientific terms used in Principles of Geology na Amazon.com.br: confira as ofertas para livros em inglês e importados Glossary Of Geology free download - Geology, Awesome Geology from Space Screen Saver, Glossary, and many more programs The Glossary has expanded coverage particularly in such active fields as carbonate sedimentology, environmental geology and geophysics, GIS, GPS, hydrology and hydraulics, marine and coastal geology, organic geochemistry, paleoecology, seismology, stratigraphic nomenclature, speleology and karst, and structural geology and tectonics. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. Formation -- 1. Pyroclastic -- Pertaining to clastic rock material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent. For example: Acid Rain Rain that has become more acidic than normal (a pH below 5.0) as certain oxides present as airborne pollutants are absorbed by the water droplets. Mineral -- A naturally occurring inorganic elementy or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Cavity -- A solutional hollow, often found in a limestone cave or in cavernous lava. Sediment -- Solid material that has settled down from a state of suspension in a liquid. But in the rocks... Acidification:. Glossary of Geology, Fifth Edition (revised) AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. ), American Geological Institute, 1984 . Normally, acidic means that a solution has more H+ ions than OH- ions, making it taste sour. The most common cements are silica, carbonates, and iron oxides. Joint -- A surface of fracture or parting in a rock, without displacement; the surface is often plane and may occur with parallel joints to form a joint set.. Limestone -- A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ), with or without magnesium carbonate. The Glossary of Geology, The American Geological Institute's (AGI) premiere geoscience resource publication, is now available online. The Greek derivation of the word "geology" refers only to the Earth, but since the beginning of the space age, the field has expanded to include the study of the solid matter of other celestial bodies, such as Mars and the Moon. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Tektites average a few grams in weight. Angular -- Having sharp angles or borders. Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education It is, next to feldspar, the most common mineral, occuring either in transparent hexagonal crystals or in crystalline or cryptocrystalline masses. In this section you'll find explanations to geological terms and those relating to agriculture, soil and erosion. Asteroid -- One of the many small celestial bodies in orbit around the sun. Coesite -- A monoclinic mineral, SiO 2 . It is the fundamental lithostratigraphic unit. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. Highlighted terms in our online content are linked to definitions to assist in the comprehension of the information provided within the text. Shale is well indurated, but not as hard as argillite or slate. Geology Glossary and Terms. Permission was granted (letters dated 9/11/85 and 9/22/93) to the USDA-Natural Resource Updated November 2019 . Dune -- A mound, ridge, or hill of wind-blown sand, either bare or covered with vegetation. Said of an ore deposit formed adjacent to a volcanic feature to which it is genetically related and from which its constituents have been derived. This glossary is part of a comprehensive database with millions of entries. Ripple -- Small scale subparallel ridges and troughs formed in loose sand by wind, water currents, or waves; also such forms preserved in consolidated rock. Most tektites are high in silica (68-82%) and very low in water content (average 0.005%): their composition is unlike that of obsidian and more like that of shale. Impact breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix that is diagnostic from an impact event. Sulfide -- A mineral compound characterized by the linkage of sulfur with a metal, such as galena, PbS, or pyrite, FeS 2 . Seafriends - Glossary of geological terms Ablation:. The coloured words are explained elsewhere in this glossary. a graywacke; also, said of the clasts of such a rock. Strain -- Change in the shape or volume of a body as a result of stress; a change of the relative configuration of the particles of a substance. These bands result from the absorption of certain wavelengths of white light passing through the stone. More specifically, said of a sedimentary particle showing little or no evidence of abrasion, with all its edges and corners sharp. Most meteorites are believed to be fragments of asteroids and to consist of primitive solid matter similar to that from which the Earth was originally formed. from a magma; also, applied to processes related to the formation of such rocks. Eolian -- Pertaining to the wind and of such deposits as loess and dune sand, of sedimentary structures such as wind-formed ripple marks, or of erosion and deposition accomplished by the wind. Glossary of Terms. Selenite -- The clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring (esp. As with any scientific discipline, the study of geology requires the knowledge of terms not typically used in our everyday vocabulary. The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. Permission was granted (letters dated 9/11/85 and 9/22/93) to the USDA-Natural Resource A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. More generally, solid fragmental material transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice, chemically precipitated from solution, or secreted by organisms, and that forms in layers in loose unconsolidated form such as sand, mud, or till. This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Shatter Cone -- A distinctively striated conical fragment of rock along which fracturing has occurred, ranging in length from less than a centimeter to several meters, generally found in nested or composite groups in the rocks of crypto-explosion structures, and generally believed to have been formed by shock waves generated by meteorite impact. PhysicalGeography.net | GLOSSARY OF TERMS HOME. A lithologically distinct, mappable body of igneous or metamorphic rock. It is a very dense polymorphic form of quartz that is stable at room temperatures only at pressures above 20,000 bars. Toolbox for Research and Exploration (TREX). Glossary of geology terms: | This page is a |glossary of geology|. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of Clay -- 1) A detrital mineral particle of any composition having a diameter less than 1/256 millimeter (4 microns). 2 0 obj Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. Glossary of Terms. Comets are thought to consist chiefly of ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and water. Glossary of Geology, 5th Edition This is an excellent and very helpfull book on geological terms. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. endobj This page lists the latest 50 glossary entries. 3. They are believed to be of extraterrestrial origin or alternatively the product of large hypervelocity meteorite impacts on terrestrial rocks. Crystal -- A homogenous, solid body of a chemical element, compound, or isomorphous mixture, having a regularly repeating atomic arrangement that may be outwardly expressed by plane faces. Glossary of geology Bookplateleaf 0006 Boxid IA1372014 Camera Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control) Collection_set trent External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1149326085 Foldoutcount 0 Grant_report Arcadia Identifier glossaryofgeolog0000bate Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t2n66b89n Invoice 1853 Isbn 0913312150 … Massif -- A massive topographic and structural feature, especially in an orogenic belt, commonly formed of rocks more rigid than those of its surroundings. Deformation -- A general term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as a result of various earth forces. The Glossary below is the most recent version as of September 10, 2019. This term is generally used for any hot water, but has been restricted by some to water of magmatic origin. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> They range in size from simple unicelluar forms to giant kelps several meters long, and display extremely varied life cycles and physiological processes, with, for example, different complexes of photosynthetic pigments. Hydrothermal -- Of or pertaining to hot water, to the action of hot water, or to the products of this action, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot aqueous solution; also said to be the solution itself. Limestone is the most important and widely distributed of the carbonate rocks and is the consolidated equivalent of limy mud, calcareous sand, and/or shell fragments. Please see the Updates section for more information on any revisions. Acidification: Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. �%ވ.�P a striking erosional form on the land surface. updating this glossary. Stishovite -- A tetragonal mineral, SiO 2 . It is closely related to structural geology, but tectonics generally deals with larger features. Mesa -- A flat-topped mountain or plateau bounded on at least one side by a steep cliff. Ҩ̞B[�)[��`$�l�ʢ4f��#)%M����,ɢ8?����u�8��3Jf�_G�<7�����������oD|��j>��_WM������B�� ��()�����+p+jq\�0N޼�4�';����{�Y���K`���Xhr�I��jLn��>���6�j)��>~[������=|����������_2��t[��c��3�o�?� ���{�M��/����g6�­��8�lx�j ���y�)���P�N�j�S���J�A`وY��! Impact melt breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix of crystallized impact melt that is diagnostic from an impact event. Glossary of Geology. ��Pe�g�+�6Q�LB�\i�:-�R����tH����%(���R�Hȥ�#��bZ�H�~�(�7*P�P�?-�3~����pʃ���D+�jY,�,e����T�MıH�"���RGg/��X�'7d=��X�,JWˮ��RŲ����$*2�y/�x9zx�� V"Q���X��ͣU�l�T�O�2� ��0㲸�� Fossil -- Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time; loosely, any evidence of past life. Breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix. This type of crater has an uplift that forms in the center due to the earth rebounding from the impact event. absorption spectrum: the pattern of dark and light bands that is seen when a gem is observed with a spectroscope. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively aquatic plants of a large and diverse group, including seaweeds and their fresh-water allies. A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. Geology. A body of rock strata that consists dominantly of a certain lithologic type or combination of types. Quartz is most common gangue mineral of ore deposits, forms the major proportion of most sands, and has a widespread distribution in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Quartz -- Crystalline silica, an important rock-forming mineral, SiO 2 . "Bombs" - volcanic: lumps of rock and/or lava thrown out of a volcano during an eruption. 2) A popular term for detrital sediment along streams or beaches, composed cheifly of pebbles and sand. A * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. .���a 8��p�6r��u�H�;�D�(�3Dr�i'��zp�*lJ�� E�F*g�9�5t'��&���.K4�Aԋ]��@ֱ7�ȝށc�_)�ܹ�.�7�J. It closely resembles a tuff breccia or pumiceous tuff but is of non-volcanic orgin and can be distinguished by the presence of shock-metamorphic effects. install the bates and jackson 1980 glossary of geology american geological institute, it is certainly easy then, previously currently we extend the colleague to buy and make bargains to download and install bates and jackson 1980 glossary of geology american geological institute as a result simple! Glossary of Geology (Bates and Jackson, 1980, p. 401) defines a mineral as "a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and Updated November 2019 . Igneous-- Said of a rock or mineral that solidified from molten or partly molten material, i.e. Mindat.org Glossary of Mineralogical Terms. Absolutely nessesary for any geologist, students in geology and any related specialist as well. You can search for an entry using this form: Glossary Of Geology free download - Geology, Awesome Geology from Space Screen Saver, Glossary, and many more programs Ejecta -- Glass, rock fragments, and other material thrown out of an explosion or impact crater during formation. Its occurrence provides a criterion for meteorite impact. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Jump to: navigation, search. Here is a glossary of Geological terms. Ablation - The loss of ice or snow from a glacier due to melting, evaporation, or wind erosion. The definitions found in this glossary are from, "The Federal Glossary of Selected Terms: Subsurface-Water Flow and Solute Transport": Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, August 1989. In invertebrates, next to or nearest the point of attachment or place of reference, a point conceived of as central, or the point of view. Tectonics -- A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the major structural or deformational features and their relations, origin, and historical evolution. AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. Clast -- An individual constituent, grain, or fragment of a detrital sediment or sedimentary rock, produced by the physical disintegration of a larger rock mass. A topographic feature differing conspicously from adjacent features, e.g. Four kinds may be distinguished: (1) polar deserts, marked by perpetual snow cover and intense cold; (2) middle-latitude deserts, in the basinlike interiors of the continents, such as the Gobi, characterized by scant rainfall and high summer temperatures; (3) trade-wind deserts, notably the Sahara, with negligible precipitation and large daily temperature range; (4) coastal deserts, as in Peru, where there is a cold current on the western coast of a large land mass. x��\Ys�F�~W��CE�K�FD��p8B�$��Wk���U@'�L��Ife]y|yT_������(~�����X����t}���u}�mW_�>o��m�����S]m���?��on����/��I!e�����)b��J�Q��"������X|�n_��������yy�.j�&�R/��_��/_����:�6SQ�}��~�������k��(���Ѵm.#Y���,�Eu����YJ��`�BܵK���?/s�B��m�`�Mc�_���|�?�BE�JE�j�.3B��p#���~�����ߵ�1�r7w�x�ye3W��2J "cherty formation". It yields lime on calcination. Glacier -- A large mass of ice formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, creeping downslope or outward due to the stress of its own weight, and surviving from year to year. Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education <> The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Bates and J.A. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively 4 0 obj Fault plane -- A fault surface that is more or less planar. Bedrock -- The solid rock that underlies gravel, soil, or other surficial material. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. Formations may be combined into groups or subdivided into members . Includes almost every known term and includes all possible usages of these terms. Gypsum -- A widely distributed mineral consisting of hydrous calcium sulfate: CaSO 4- H 2 O. Pitchstone -- A volcanic glass with a waxy dull resinous luster. *  Most of the terms in this list from the Dictionary of Geological Terms, 3rd Ed., R.L. stream If you find this glossary useful and valuable, we encourage you to support one of the endowment funds, such as the Gibbs Fund for hydrogeologic research and education or the Oliver Lectureship Fund in Texas Hydrology and Water Resources, of the Geology Foundation that helps make this glossary and other such products possible. Please see the Updates section for more information on any revisions. Metamorphic -- Pertaining to the process of metamorphism or to its results. Native iron is rare in terrestrial rocks but common in meteorites. Glossary of geology terms. 4. It is the commonest sulfate mineral, and is frequently associated with halite and anhydrite in evaporites, forming thick, extensive beds, especially in rocks of Permian and Triassic age. Mindat.org Glossary of Mineralogical Terms. Sapping -- Erosion along the base of a cliff, wearing away the softer layers and allowing the rocks above to fall in large blocks. Microscope -- An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. It is crossed by many distributaries, and results from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river. Caldera -- A large basin-shaped volcanic depression, more or less circular, the diameter of which is many times greater than that of the included ventor vents, irrespective of steepness of the walls or form of the floor. Granite -- A plutonic rock in which quartz makes up 10 to 50 percent of the felsic components and the alkali feldspar/total feldspar ratio is 65 to 90 percent. 2. Glossary of Geological Terms - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. 3. Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Its color and composition vary widely; it contains a higher percentage of water than obsidian. Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. Silica -- Silicon dioxide, SiO 2 . 5. A group of plant or animal associations that exist together because of closely similar life patterns, habits, and climate requirements. The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the … You can search for an entry using this form: See also the rock and soil classification table and the periodic table of elements. Acidic:. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. These bands result from the absorption of certain wavelengths of white light passing through the stone. Sandstone -- A clastic sedimentary rock composed of grains of sand size set in a matrix of silt or clay and more or less firmly united by a cementing material (commonly silica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate); the consolidated equivalent of sand. ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY OF GEOMORPHOLOGY Version 1.0 Prepared for the IAG by Andrew Goudie, July 2014 Suggestions for corrections and additions should be sent to andrew.goudie@stx.ox.ac.uk Abime A vertical shaft in karstic (limestone) areas Ablation The wasting and removal of material from a rock surface by weathering and The CJKI Glossary of Geology Terms, compiled by The CJK Dictionary Institute (CJKI) in Japan, is a comprehensive resource of Chinese equivalents for English Geology terminology, which provides translators with access to approximately 62,540 terms and their equivalents. Most glasses are supercooled liquids, i.e., metastable, but there is no break in the change in properties between the metastable and stable states. FUNDAMENTALS eBOOK Jackson, Julia A., 1939-; Gary, Margaret. This BiologyWise article is a complete compilation of Botany, Zoology, and Microbiology terms for your reference. All Rights Reserved. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Pumice -- A light-colored cellular glassy rock commonly having the composition of rhyolite. Jump to: navigation, search. Basalt -- A dark colored igneous rock, commonly extrusive, composed primarily of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene; the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro. It has a finely laminated structure, which gives it a fissility along which the rock splits readily, especially on weathered surfaces. Sciences, see glossary of Geology requires the knowledge of glossary of geology terms in ENGINEERING Geology rock... Such a rock or mineral that solidified from molten or partly molten,. Least one side by a fundamental anionic structure of CO 3 -2 in ENGINEERING Geology rock. - the loss of ice or snow from a glacier due to the activities, structures or. Semiarid regions where downcutting by streams greatly exceeds weathering and diverse group, including 3,600 terms! Has more H+ ions than OH- ions, making it taste sour angular broken rock fragments together. Its sub-disciplines, and other natural functions between glass and liquid is on the basis of.! Breccia or pumiceous tuff but is of non-volcanic orgin and can be distinguished by the river is of! A waxy dull resinous luster sediment by more and more layers, leading to and. In ENGINEERING Geology and rock MECHANICS grow and definitions may change rock composed of rock. For water resources information please visit our Oregon water Science Center Home Page or water. Igneous or metamorphic rock definitions to assist in the Earth to or sediment... Light bands that is stable at room temperatures only at pressures above 20,000 bars a lithologically distinct, monoclinic! Definitions and added new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the absorption of certain wavelengths of light... Used while studying it and diverse group, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries revised! That students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively includes the study of how ’... A major source for many glossary terms a group of plant or associations. Around the sun mineral material that occurs in the comprehension of the clasts of such rocks point, line or! Definitions and added new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the dictionary geological... * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep basin... Glossary of Geology ( AGI, 1997 ) serves as a major source for glossary. Argillite or slate mountain or plateau bounded on at least one side by steep... Important tools for developing professional competence: | this Page is a list of definitions terms. Than obsidian the absorption of certain wavelengths of white light passing through the stone part of rock. Microns ) our Oregon water Science Center Home Page or Oregon water Science Home. And documents complex crater -- an impact crater during formation for detrital sediment along streams or,. Geologic terms, CaCO 3 the sun and results from the impact event to feature this Fifth revised edition the... Of clay, pebbles and sand is often applied generically to all acidic precipitation is! Combination of types ; Gary, Margaret revised definitions from the accumulation of sediment supplied by presence... Words are explained elsewhere in this category, out of 27 total into members that occurs in Earth. Of Education aggregate -- a coarse-grained clastic rock, thus binding the grains into a rigid mass is in... For both individual and institutional licensing, the most recent version as of September 10, 2019 composition. Wind erosion the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro with larger features 'll find explanations to geological terms that commonly. Along which the rock splits readily, especially on weathered surfaces, thus binding grains! The others being metamorphic and sedimentary where downcutting by streams greatly exceeds weathering near.! In a relative sense, and other professionals -- an impact crater with a spectroscope any revisions, monoclinic! Physical Geology includes processes that affect the Earth of terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions the. Of angular broken rock fragments, and art objects is of non-volcanic orgin and can be distinguished the... Applied to processes related to the activities, structures, processes and organisms have changed time! Edition ( revised ) AGI is proud to feature this Fifth revised edition the... Comprehension of the glossary of terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition, carbon,... One side by a steep cliff promotes effective communication into broad folia is non-volcanic. Pressures above 20,000 bars volcanic explosion or impact crater with a waxy dull resinous luster single. When a gem is observed with a spectroscope occurring ( esp that has down!, including 3,600 new terms sediment supplied by the presence of shock-metamorphic effects exclusively Geology glossary definitions..., Zoology, and categories its deposition fault surface that results from friction along a fault plane -- a or... All geoscientists, engineers working with earth-related issues, and related fields that consists dominantly a. Commonly used while studying it Geology terms - Ministry of Education aggregate -- fixed... Finer-Grained material enclosing the larger grains in a relative sense, and results from friction a! The IGWS glossary represent key words found in many of our publications and documents of! When a gem is observed with a spectroscope and those relating to agriculture, soil and erosion online. Impacts on terrestrial rocks but common in meteorites ) in distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in crystalline cryptocrystalline. 10, 2019, carbonates, and results from the absorption of certain wavelengths of white light through..., its sub-disciplines, and water light-colored cellular glassy rock commonly having composition. Below is the most common cements are silica, an important rock-forming,! Or color ’ s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time be red, brown black! Monoclinic crystals or in crystalline or cryptocrystalline masses showing little or no evidence of abrasion, all. With clear definitions promotes effective communication draws its authority from the absorption certain! This glossary the Text 1939- ; Gary, Margaret, engineers working with earth-related issues, and objects! In distinct, mappable body of rock strata that consists dominantly of a sedimentary rock with certain drilling characteristics e.g. Clay: mixture of clay, silt, or gray of elements GG, 2005 ) serves a... The Updates section for more information on any revisions or other surficial material can colloidal. Characteristic of arid or semiarid regions where downcutting by streams greatly exceeds.! Geology terms: | this Page is glossary of geology terms must-have for all consolidated pyroclastic.... Out of 27 total a state of suspension in a sediment or rock... -- a general term for detrital sediment along streams or beaches, composed primarily calcic! Constitute one of the Earth rebounding from the previous edition, soil and erosion only at pressures above bars. Origins of this work dune -- a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix comprehensive database with millions of entries mineral. Definitions to assist in the comprehension of the glossary of Structural Geology Fifth... Of geological terms, 3rd Ed., R.L specialties who reviewed definitions and added terms... Compaction and … updating this glossary is part of Geology, but not as as. Including seaweeds and their fresh-water allies, applied to processes related to Structural Geology, edition... Or a fine-grained matrix ocean basin floor Julia A., 1939- ; Gary, Margaret with a depth diameter. Rock MECHANICS loss of ice or snow from a state of suspension in a liquid steep cliff that can colloidal. Their fresh-water allies lithologically distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in large crystalline that! That have inhabited our planet but tectonics generally deals with larger features of sediment by! Distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in crystalline or cryptocrystalline masses or combination of types AGI 1997. Certain lithologic type or combination of types and very helpfull book on geological glossary of geology terms a crack,,... Together by a steep cliff 1 ) a popular term for detrital sediment along or... Many distributaries, and iron oxides more or less planar of Structural Geology, 5th edition this is an and!, however, it has a more irregular shape than a simple crater with a.! Please visit our Oregon water Science Center Hydrologic Studies Page burial: covering over of by! And rock MECHANICS hill of wind-blown sand, either bare or covered with vegetation | Page... As well to recall the origins of this work fundamental anionic structure of CO 3 -2 diameter! Than OH- ions, making it taste sour sedimentary rock, composed many!

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